Chronic illness

About chronic illness

A chronic or long-term illness means having to adjust to the demands of the illness and the therapy used to treat the condition. There may be additional stressors, since chronic illness might change the way you live, see yourself and relate to others.

Characteristics of a chronic illness

Chronic illnesses are mostly characterised by:

• complex causes
• many risk factors
• long latency periods (time between onset of the illness and feeling its effects)
• a long illness
• functional impairment or disability.

Most chronic illnesses do not fix themselves and are generally not cured completely. Some can be immediately life-threatening, such as heart disease and stroke. Others linger over time and need intensive management, such as diabetes. Most chronic illnesses persist throughout a person’s life, but are not always the cause of death, such as arthritis.

Common chronic illnesses

While many illnesses can be considered chronic, there are 12 major chronic conditions that are a significant burden in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs in Australia, including:

• heart disease
• stroke
• lung cancer
• colorectal cancer
• depression
• type 2 diabetes
• arthritis
• osteoporosis
• asthma
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• chronic kidney disease
• oral disease.

Common stresses of chronic illness

Living with a chronic or long-term illness and its treatment can be challenging. You may need to learn how to:

• live with the physical effects of the illness
• cope with the treatments and any side effects
• make sure there is clear communication with doctors and other professionals
• maintain emotional balance to cope with negative feelings
• maintain confidence and a positive self-image.

Additional demands of chronic illness

As well as needing to find ways to deal with the stress involved with chronic illness, you may also need to:

• understand the condition
• know about the treatment and therapy
• maintain trust and confidence in the doctors, especially when recovery isn’t possible
• know how to manage the symptoms or flareups
• maintain social relationships and a strong support network when faced with an uncertain medical future or when symptoms arise
• avoid social isolation.

Type of help available for chronic illness

Dealing with the stresses of chronic illness can be demanding and it puts extra pressure on you. It is important you speak to your doctor or healthcare provider about your feelings and how effectively you think you are coping with the illness and its treatment. Working with a mental health professionals to support you with the psychological impacts of a chronic illness may be beneficial.

Ways to cope with chronic illness

There is a range of ways to deal with the stress of chronic illness. These include:

• Finding information – this can help if you feel helpless or out of control.
• Emotional support from others – particularly family and friends, this can be a source of great help.
• Joining a well facilitated support group.
• Setting concrete, short-term goals – to restore certainty, power and control.
• Thinking about possible outcomes – discussing them with your doctor can help you to face them before they become a reality.
• Learning stress and anxiety management strategies.
• Having a plan to manage symptoms and flareups of your condition.

The overall aim of these strategies is to help put your illness into context and give some meaning to what is happening.

Children with a chronic illness

For children with a chronic illness, there are programs and opportunities for funding support attached to government, Catholic and independent sector schools. If your child has a chronic illness, speak to your school principal for help developing a health support plan and applying for programs or funding support for your child.

Raising Children Network also has information about support groups for teenagers with chronic illness, or visit livewire – the online community for teens living with a chronic illness or a disability.

Where to get help

• Your GP (doctor)
• Your child’s school
• Support groups
• Mental Health Foundation Australia National Mental Health Helpline Tel. 1300 MHF AUS (643 287)
• Living with a chronic illness, ReachOut